Smelting is a metallurgical process that involves the extraction and purification of metals from their naturally occurring ores or mineral compounds. 

It is a high-temperature operation that relies on the application of heat and chemical reactions to transform raw materials into refined metal products. 

The primary objective of smelting is to separate the desired metal from impurities and other non-metallic components present in the ore.

This course provides a general overview of the fundamentals of smelting, various types of smelting processes, ferrous and non-ferrous smelting, challenges in the industry, and more. Also included are sections on green smelting, sustainability, water and energy management, and environmental issues.